0701 Effect of milk protein intake and casein:whey ratio in breakfast meals on postprandial glucose, satiety ratings, and subsequent meal intake
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Novel satiating dairy-based breakfast products have potential to reduce the risk of developing and improve management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Whey and casein proteins may induce different physiological effects on blood glucose, induction of satiation, and satiety. Whey proteins have been associated with acute satiation, compared with the prolonged feelings of satiety from casein. The purpose of this work is to investigate the impact of breakfast meal milk casein:whey ratio and protein concentration on postprandial blood glucose, appetite ratings, and subsequent food intake. In a randomized, controlled, double-blinded study, healthy young adults (n = 32; 16 m/f, 23.4 ± 3.1 yr, and 22.2 ± 2.5 kg/m2 BMI) consumed milk (250 mL) with normal (80:20) or modified (40:60) casein:whey protein ratio at normal (3.1%) or high (9.3%) protein concentration, or water (control), along with 2 servings of breakfast cereal. Following an overnight fast and up to 120 min following the breakfast meal, participants had their plasma glucose concentrations determined from fingerprick samples, completed a series of scale ratings to assess satiety, and consumed a weighed ad libitum pizza lunch. Repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey–Kramer's post hoc testing was performed. Incremental area under the curve (AUC) glucose values showed significant attenuations in postprandial plasma glucose concentration for all milk treatments, relative to control (P < 0.05). Also, the high-protein treatments (9.3%) had significantly attenuated glucose concentrations compared with those with lower-protein treatments (3.1%). However, there was no effect of casein:whey protein ratio on blood glucose. Treatments were not associated with differences in total AUC for individual scale ratings of Hunger, Desire to Eat, Fullness, and Prospective Consumption. Nor were differences observed in mean appetite score (P = 0.86) or subsequent lunch intake (P = 0.06). Therefore, because consumption of high-protein milk treatments with breakfast cereal was associated with the lowest plasma postprandial glucose concentration, new high-protein dairy breakfast products should be considered for product development. (Supported by a contribution from the Dairy Research Cluster Initiative.)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".