Differences in the Distribution of Bifidobacterial and Enterobacterial Species in Human Faecal Microflora of Three Different (Children, Adults, Elderly) Age Groups
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To determine if there is any change with age in the distribution of Bifidobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae species in human intestinal microflora, strains were isolated from a total of 54 samples of human faeces (15 children, 3-15 years old; 17 adults, 30-46 years old; 22 elderly, 69-89 years old). The bifidobacteria were identified at species level using a numerical phenotypic identification system developed on the Internet (http://kounou.lille.inra.fr) and DNA-DNA hyridization. The enterobacteria were identified using the API 20E system (Biomérieux, France). Escherichia coli was present in 93% of samples. Enterobacter and Klebsiella species were more frequently found in children while Proteusi and Providencia species were typically found in the elderly. The species Bifidobacterium longum was the most frequently species isolated in children and adults, whereas Bifidobacterium adolescentis was the most encountered species in the elderly. The distribution of B. adolescentis was significantly split between the children and the elderly age groups. There is a noticeable trend whereby Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum occurs more frequently in children than in the elderly. The species Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium gallicum and Bifidobacterium angulatum have never been isolated, while Bifidobacterium breve has only been isolated on one occasion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".