Children with autism spectrum disorders experience disparities in exposure to family and neighborhood adversity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
were documented and developmental (Leiter-IQ, Movement-ABC, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and functional (Vineland) status was assessed.Relationships between service utilization and socio-demographic factors and level of functioning were evaluated.Results: Developmental profile of the two high-risk groups (CHD/Preterm) were remarkably similar with mean IQ of 91.1/91.2(25-30% IQ < 80), 40.2%/50.0%motor difficulties, and 23.2%/22.9%behavior problems.One third was receiving educational supports in regular schools or attended segregated schools.Parents indicated that 32.9%/28.6%repeated a school year.Only 16% of youth born preterm and 24.7% of youth with CHD were receiving specialty rehabilitation services; primarily one service only (psychology and special education most common).Services were provided predominantly in the school setting, typically weekly.Few were receiving OT (CHD: 1.2%; preterm: 7.6%) or PT (CHD: 6.2%; preterm: 5.1%), in spite of a high prevalence of motor and functional limitations.Maternal education was associated with need for educational support.Brief IQ < 70 was significantly associated with receiving educational supports (CHD: b = 1.8, p = 0.017; preterm: b = 2.7, p = 0.001) and rehabilitation services (CHD: b = 1.6, p = 0.028; preterm: b = 1.6, p = 0.013).Youth with motor deficits were more likely to require educational supports (CHD: b = 1.8, p = 0.001; preterm: b = 1.1, p = 0.004) and rehabilitation services (preterm only: b = 1.4,p = 0.023) than those without.Greater activity limitations across domains were associated with educational and rehabilitation service use.Conclusions/Significance: Persisting cognitive, motor and behavior problems were common manifestations in adolescents born either preterm or with a CHD, with remarkably similar profiles.Although youth with developmental impairments were more likely to receive educational and rehabilitation services, many were not adequately supported, particularly by rehabilitation specialists.Rehabilitation services at this important transition phase could be beneficial in optimizing adaptive functioning in the home, school and community.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".