An Economical Half-Cell and Modified Rotating Disk Electrode for Electrochemical Characterizations of Fuel Cell Catalyst-Coated Membranes and Gas Diffusion Electrodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Common methods of fuel cell electrocatalyst characterization, in particular the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts, include thin-film RDE and PEMFC measurements using fuel cell test stations. The former is generally available in many electroanalytical labs, however, ink deposition on RDE tips and limited solubility of oxygen in the electrolyte lead to testing environments which are quite different from those of fuel cell hardwares. The latter option requires fuel cell hardware and an appropriate test station which are expensive and not widely accessible by many labs. We present two approaches in order to bridge the gap between these methods: 1) a modified RDE tip which accepts catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs), thus eliminating the potential issues of catalyst ink deposition and the associated variabilities, and 2) a low-cost half-cell setup which allows fuel cell-like current densities (~ 1 A cm-2) to be obtained using gaseous oxygen feed. The novel RDE tip has been tested with Pt foil and commercial CCMs in 0.1 M HClO4 at room temperature (20°C) and good agreements with polycrystalline Pt and H2/O2 fuel measurements have been obtained, respectively. In addition, CCM degradation tests, using an accelerated degradation test protocol (ADT) with potential cycling, have been performed and the loss of Pt and Pt surface area have been quantified. With the half-cell setup, constant current polarizations with IR drop measurement at each step were found to provide a simple, reproducible method of measuring catalyst performance using an optimal electrolyte concentration of 1.0 M HClO4. Accurate ORR activity of commercial GDEs/CCMs and good agreement with measurements made in fuel cell hardware have been obtained with the half-cell setup. Both of these approaches are low cost (< $1000 USD) and can be implemented in a typical electroanalytical lab. Cells designs and results of ORR experiments with both approaches will be presented. Figure 1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".