Bibliographic record
Abstract
Orbital disease is much more prevalent in dogs and cats than in other species. Clinical signs may suggest the location and nature of the lesion; protrusion of the third eyelid and exotropia suggests involvement of the medial orbit. Orbital disorders encompass orbital inflammatory disease and hematomas, neoplasia, zygomatic sialocoele, vascular anomalies, and acquired orbital cysts and pseudocysts (mucoceles). This chapter focuses one these entities. Imaging modalities of ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are invaluable tools in the diagnosis of orbital disease. Both MRI and CT features correlate reasonably well with the histopathologic diagnoses of orbital disorders. Clinical evaluation of the orbit is facilitated by an appreciation of orbital anatomy. Enlargement of component structures by inflammation or neoplasia usually results in deviation of the globe and most commonly exophthalmos, occasionally enophthalmos and third eyelid prolapse, globe deviation from its normal axis, and/or protrusion of the third eyelid.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.027 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".