Photochemical Degradation of Aqueous Artificial Sweeteners by UV/H2O2 and Their Biodegradability Studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, the photochemical degradations of three commonly used artificial sweeteners, namely aspartame (ASP), acesulfame K (ACE), and sucralose (SUC) were investigated in multicomponent aqueous systems through UV/H2O2. A recirculating batch photochemical reactor setup was utilized for experimental work. The treatability of the multicomponent system was monitored in the form of total organic carbon (TOC) reduction. A two-level fractional factorial design of experiments (DOE) was adopted. The individual and multifactor interaction effects of the concentration of the three sweeteners, the applied hydrogen peroxide dosage and the operating temperature on TOC reduction were investigated. The biodegradability characteristics of the sweeteners were investigated for both single and multicomponent systems through respirometry. Their degradations were compared to those of the UV/H2O2 system. It was determined that the UV/H2O2 process is suitable treatment technique, achieving TOC removal efficiencies over 90% with a UV exposure of 45 min. The operating temperature and the applied H2O2 dosing on the final TOC removal were found to be significant. An interaction between ASP and SUC resulted in a temporary improvement in TOC removal midway through the treatment process. Respirometric studies confirmed that ACE and SUC are non-biodegradable. The biodegradation characteristics of ASP was found to be acceptable with a 6-day biochemical to theoretical oxygen demand (BOD6/ThOD) ratio of 0.63±0.02.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".