Magnetic Circular Dichroism ( <scp>MCD</scp> ) Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy provides information about the spin and orbital angular momenta associated with ground and excited electronic states. This can provide the key to understanding the optical spectroscopy of high symmetry ions and complexes, which provides an important insight into the electronic structure. MCD spectra contain the same set of spectral bands as the corresponding electronic absorption spectrum, with significantly different band morphologies due to the effect of the applied magnetic field and the use of a differential absorbance intensity scale. MCD spectra are recorded by mounting a superconducting magnet ( B ≈ 0–11 T), an electromagnet ( B ≈ 0–1 T), or a permanent magnet into the sample compartment of a CD spectrometer with the field applied parallel to the axis of light propagation. Parallel applied fields are often referred to as the Faraday magnet alignment, since it formed the basis of Faraday's pioneering experiments in which plane polarized beams of light were found to be rotated during transmission through certain substances, due to the differential absorbance of left circularly polarized (lcp) and right circularly polarized (rcp) light. The Faraday 𝒜 1 , ℬ 0 , and 𝒞 0 terms form the basis for the analysis of MCD spectra based on the Zeeman splitting of the absorption bands for lcp and rcp light, the field‐induced mixing of zero‐field states, and the Zeeman splitting‐based ground state population adjustment, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".