Potential for By-Product Synergy in the Oil & Gas Industry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Potential for By-Product Synergy in the Oil & Gas Industry Andrew Mangan; Andrew Mangan Applied Sustainability LLC Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Rebekah Young Rebekah Young Applied Sustainability LLC Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Stavanger, Norway, June 2000. Paper Number: SPE-61237-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/61237-MS Published: June 26 2000 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Mangan, Andrew, and Rebekah Young. "Potential for By-Product Synergy in the Oil & Gas Industry." Paper presented at the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Stavanger, Norway, June 2000. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/61237-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Environment, and Sustainability Search Advanced Search AbstractAround the world, companies are discovering a process that sends dollars to their bottom lines through new savings and new revenue generated through By-Product Synergies™. The same process reduces or eliminates wastes and helps overcome a variety of other negative impacts to the environment. By-Product Synergy (BPS) is creating communities of companies dedicated to finding and implementing profitable synergies. Working by themselves, companies have often had a difficult time realizing such synergies. The BPS process creates a network of companies that together are able to tackle obstacles that threaten to derail their efforts, and to successfully implement profitable synergies.The first step in the process is educating businesses about the benefits of BPS. After a core group of companies is recruited, project leaders catalogue material flows in a confidential database. They then analyze the data to uncover potential synergies. Participants join in a series of facilitated working meetings, where they discuss possible links. Those synergies with the greatest economic potential are then pursued.Companies that participate in a BPS project are rewarded both in the short term and long term. They end up needing fewer raw materials, and find that their operations are considerably more efficient. They save on the cost of sending materials to landfills, and reduce environmental damage. They become part of a larger community that is helping companies save money, cut pollution, and create new business opportunities.IntroductionBy-product synergy is transforming the way companies do business in regions around the world. In Midlothian, Texas, a cement manufacturer is reusing a by-product of a nearby steel mill. An oil refinery in Alberta, Canada is sending its spent caustic to another company's pulp and paper mill, where it is being reused. In North Texas, an electric utility's fly ash may be used to make composite roofing shingles. Meanwhile, in Monterrey, Mexico, cellophane scrap discarded by a packaging company may be reused as liner material for a Texas producer's natural gas wells.When companies get together, they often discover synergy opportunities throughout their operations. Possible sources include materials, transportation, heat and steam, or even manpower. For instance, two companies might join forces to share trucking costs. One that is shipping snacks, insulation, or other low-density materials might link up with a company that is transporting heavy materials such as steel bars. If they combine their loads, they consume less energy and release fewer greenhouse gases.A similar way of thinking led to one of the earliest and most successful examples of By-Product Synergy™: the partnership between Chaparral Steel Corp. and its sister company, Texas Industries Inc. (TXI), a cement manufacturer. The partnership, which eventually led to a merger between the two companies, involved a process that converted steel slag into a valuable raw material for producing cement. Both companies increased their profits, while reducing greenhouse-gas emissions and energy use.In an effort to expand the benefits of BPS to more businesses, a private company, Applied Sustainability LLC, was created in January 1999. The company, based in Austin, Tex., brings together representatives of various groups, including industry, technical experts, regulators and funding sources. The goal is to discover synergies that transform a negative - waste - into a positive - a raw material for a nearby industry. Keywords: rebekah young, society of petroleum engineers, alberta, partnership, sustainability llc, byproduct synergy, information, upstream oil & gas, operation, andrew mangan Subjects: Environment This content is only available via PDF. 2000. 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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.029 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".