The Immediate Effect of Raja-Yoga Group Therapy on the Well-Being of Psychiatric Outpatients - An Exploratory Single-center Retrospective Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the effect of Raja-yoga group therapy on the immediate well-being of psychiatric outpatients compared to a standard method, namely supportive-dynamic group psychotherapy.Methods: Seventy-two psychiatric outpatients, the subjects, with DSM IV-R mood, anxiety and other disorders, underwent group therapy utilizing Raja-yoga treatment.The current Axis V GAF scores of the subjects were between 55 and 70.The principal author, a psychiatrist led the treatment, which consisted of teaching the philosophy of Raja-yoga, its breathing exercises (pranayama), a few of its postures, and meditation.The subjects rated their sense of well-being at the start of and at the end of each session, on a subjective, Likert scale.The same psychiatrist also treated a group of seven private psychiatric outpatients, who served as controls, with supportive-dynamic group psychotherapy.They had DSM IV-R mood and anxiety disorders.The current Axis V GAF scores of the controls were between 60 and 70.Self-reported scores of well-being of the controls were collected in the same manner.The differences in scores in the two groups were compared statistically.Results: Subjects attended an average number of 5.5 sessions.Controls attended an average of 7.7 sessions.Subjects experienced an average improvement in well-being of 34%, whereas controls experienced an average improvement of 8%.Age, gen-der, ethnicity, diagnosis, or the number of treatment sessions did not predict the effectiveness of the Raja-yoga group therapy but a low baseline score of well-being did.There was no predictor revealed for effectiveness in the controls.Interpretation: Raja-yoga group therapy conferred an immediate, substantial improvement on psychiatric outpatients' sense of well-being, much more so than supportive-dynamic psychotherapy.To our knowledge, such data are previously unreported.We propose that Raja-yoga treatment shows promise as an alternative form of group psychotherapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".