Who lives in Scotland’s care homes? Descriptive analysis using routinely collected social care data 2012–16
Bibliographic record
Abstract
IntroductionBetween 2 and 5% of the older adult population worldwide receive 24-hour care in an institutional long-term setting. 1 The UK care home population has been comparatively underrepresented in research, including that using administrative data. 2 Care homes in the UK do not typically use the large international care data systems, 3 such as the Inter-RAI (international resident assessment instrument) 4 and Minimum Dataset (MDS). 5These data systems collect multidomain assessments about residents and have provided a rich repository for research in the USA, Canada and across Europe.Knowledge about UK care home residents, therefore, comes from survey data, 6 longitudinal cohort studies 7,8 or from recruited participants in intervention studies. 9,10Both the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing have reported data on care home residents in UK care homes; totalling 543 and 303 residents, respectively. 7,8Individual studies have yielded valuable in-depth data characterising residents, but again are limited by small numbers of residents in relatively few homes, with 227 residents from 11 care homes included from a single region represented in the most cited UK care home cohort data. 11The challenges of research in the care home sector are well described, including issues around capacity Background Adults living in long-term care are a signi cant and complex population who are under-represented in research using traditional methodologies.Methods The aim of this study was to provide the rst description of the adult care home population and their homes, using routinely collected data.A retrospective descriptive analysis was performed using the Scottish Care Home Census (SCHC) between 1 April 2012 and 31 March 2016.Results Data are from 1,299 care home services (79.3-89.7%completeness), including 34,399-39,311 residents per year across all regions of Scotland.A total of 68% of residents are female, with median age 84 years.27% fund their own care.Over 85% of self-funded residents receive free personal care allowance.Around 60% require care from a registered nurse and 49% have a formal diagnosis of dementia.The majority of admissions come from hospital (46%).Between 13 and 17% of residents die annually, with a median time to death of 596-653 days.Conclusions This study provides the most comprehensive descriptive data of UK care home residents available.There is scope to enhance the information available through linkage to other routine sources.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".