Optimizing electroporation assisted silver nanoparticle delivery into living C666 cells for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electroporation assisted metallic nanoparticle delivery has been shown by our previous work to significantly reduce the time of sample preparation for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements of biological cells. In this paper, we report our experimental work to optimize the electroporation parameters, including adjustment of the pulse pattern, operation temperature, and electroporation buffer, for fastest delivery of silver nanoparticles into living C666 cells (a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line). The delivery efficiency was evaluated by the integrated intensity of whole cell SERS spectrum. Our work concluded that the silver nanoparticle delivery rate is best under the electroporation condition of using 4 consecutive 350 V (875 V/cm) rectangular electric pulses of 1, 10, 10 and 1 ms durations, respectively. Low temperature (0–4°C) is necessary for keeping cell viability during the electroporation process and it also improves the delivery efficiency of silver nanoparticles. The serum in the buffer has no obvious effect on the delivery efficiency.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it