The unravelling of the uncivil state: Iraq and the imposition of sectarian governance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The era of American hegemony over the Arab state system beginning in 1990 has witnessed the exhaustion of Arab nationalism, destruction of the republican states influenced by its formalized ideological praxis, and the routine denial of universal human rights and Arab self-determination. Of parallel concern to this humanitarian calamity, the period has been marked by the growth of militarized non-state actors and the promotion of sectarian political identities. These phenomena are the result of policy choices, often exercised by outside power, or local elites aligned with outside power, that have driven radicalization and subverted inter-communal comity, thwarting the potential for political legitimacy at the national level. When alloyed together these phenomena, fastened as they are to Pax Americana, delineate a chaos marked by the absence of political leadership at all levels. This chaos confronts both the few remaining regional actors continuing to manage functional state institutions and those who possess some measure of political legitimacy and who attempt statebuilding, with a necessary focus on bringing order beyond their domains. Building social comity and economic development in the absence of political institutions will require a regional solution that invites the participation of all actors and the redress of legitimate grievances. The alternative, whereby greater militarized intervention and increased radicalization exploit sectarian logics, will result in expanded humanitarian wreckage and the potential ruin of the remaining institutions of governance
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".