Physiologic specialization of wheat leaf rust (<i>Puccinia triticina</i>) in Canada in 1999<sup>1</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There were high levels of wheat leaf rust in the eastern prairies of Canada in 1999. Late-seeded crops were subjected to heavy inoculum pressure and favorable conditions for rust infection. A total of 38 virulence phenotypes were identified from 394 Puccinia triticina isolates collected from leaf rust infected wheat plants across Canada. The most common virulence phenotypes were MBDS (42.1%), TGBJ (16.0%), and THBJ (14.5%). Many current spring wheat cultivars contain the resistance gene Lr16, which was less effective in 1999 than in previous years. In Manitoba and Saskatchewan the proportion of virulence phenotypes virulent to Lr16, such as TGBJ and THBJ, increased from 24.3% in 1998 to 38.0% in 1999. This continues an annual trend of increasing Lr16 virulence that started in 1995. Most of the virulence phenotypes virulent to Lr16 were also virulent to the adult plant resistance gene Lr13, which is found in combination with Lr16 in some current spring wheat cultivars. The virulence phenotypes identified from Alberta, and their relative proportions, were similar to those from Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Although there were only 36 isolates from Ontario, nine of the 15 virulence phenotypes identified were unique to eastern Canada. Virulence to Lr18 was also detected in Ontario but not from western Canada. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the eastern Canadian population is distinct from the western Canadian population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".