Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this thesis, several novel circuits for use in an ultra-low power integer-n frequency synthesizer operating in the 402 MHz to 405 MHz Medical Implant Communication Service spectrum have been proposed. The proposed designs include a current-reuse quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator, a novel subthreshold source-coupled logic D-latch with clear and preset functionality, a programmable frequency divider and phase/frequency detector based on the aforementioned D-latch, and a modified current-steering charge pump. A design methodology for low-power CMOS oscillators was proposed based on the MOS EKV model and gm/id design methodology. The proposed designs were implemented using IBM CMRF8SF130 nm CMOS technology and simulated using Cadence Spectre. Simulation results for the proposed current-reuse quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator and programmable frequency divider consume 420µW and 200µW respectively from a 0.7 V supply, a significant improvement compared to existing designs. The simulated phase noise of the proposed oscillator is -127.2 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset. Measurement results from a fabricated prototype of the current-reuse quadrature verify the simulation results and serve as a proof-of-concept for the proposed design. The proposed designs were used to implement an integer-n frequency synthesizer and were submitted for fabrication. Simulation results show that the synthesizer consumes 635µW from a 0.7 V supply and has a locking time of 250µs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".