Pollen contamination in a maritime pine polycross seed orchard and certification of improved seeds using chloroplast microsatellites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new concept of seed orchard was developed by Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique for the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) breeding program: the polycross seed orchard (PSO). The expected genetic gain of the PSO can only be reached if the fathers used in the pollen mix contribute equally to the next generation (i.e., to the base material of the PSO) and if pollen contamination from the surrounding stands is limited. Using chloroplast simple-sequence repeats (cpSSR), we showed that the chloroplast DNA was unipaternally inherited in maritime pine and verified that the chloroplast haplotype composition of the megagametophyte tissue corresponded to the chloroplast haplotype of the female parent. As a practical application, a statistical test based on cpSSR markers and simulation was established to verify the PSO origin of maritime pine seed lots. As a result of the cpSSR test, it was observed that (i) departure from even distribution of the fathers in the PSO was barely significant, (ii) the minimum pollen contamination rate in the PSO was 36%, and (iii) the contamination was not evenly distributed in the PSO. As a consequence, the expected genetic gain will range between 50 and 82% of what was initially foreseen. Résumé : Dans le cadre du programme d'amélioration génétique du pin maritime (Pinus pinaster Ait.), un nouveau concept de verger à graines, le verger à graines de familles polycross (VGFP), a été développé par l'Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique. Pour installer un VGFP, des arbres élites sont croisés selon un schéma polycross, puis les descendants sont plantés à densité définitive. La variété améliorée est finalement produite par pollinisation libre entre les arbres du verger. Le gain génétique espéré d'un VGFP ne peut être réalisé que si les parents mâles contribuent également à la génération suivante (le matériel de base du verger), et si la pollution pollinique due aux arbres extérieurs au VGFP est limitée. En utilisant des marqueurs microsatellites chloroplastiques (cpSSR), nous avons tout d'abord montré que le génome chloroplastique présentait une hérédité paternelle. Dans un second temps, nous avons pu vérifier que les mégagamétophytes d'un même arbre possédaient le même haplotype chloroplastique que l'arbre mère. Un test statistique empirique construit par simulation a alors été établi pour décider de l'appartenance ou non d'un lot de graines quelconque au VGFP. Il a permi de montrer que l'écart à l'égale participation des pères dans le VGFP était tout juste significatif, et que le taux de pollution était au minimum de 36% et réparti de façon hétérogène dans le VGFP. En conséquence, le gain génétique espéré sera compris entre 50 et 82% de celui annoncé.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".