The Dutch "Iron Lady" versus the Belgian "Unknowing Man:" The water-treaties between the Netherlands and Belgium 1975-1995
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Dutch "Iron Lady" versus the Belgian "Unknowing Man:" The Water-Treaties between the Netherlands and Belgium, 1975 -1995 Stephan VanfraechemDans les années 1990, les politiciens anversois et flamands, les autorités du port d'Anvers et les employeurs des fédérations, à la recherche d'un bouc émissaire, ont immédiatement blâmé les Hollandais du progrès extrêmement lent des négociations portant sur les travaux d'approfondissement du fleuve d'Escaut.Cet article démontre que cette conclusion a été tirée beaucoup trop rapidement, en effet, les problèmes internes de la communauté belge, ainsi que la composition déséquilibrée des termes de la négociation y auraient joué un rôle primordial.In a interview with a leading newspaper in May 2005, Karel De Gucht, the Belgian foreign minister called the Dutch prime-minister "a bourgeois-like person who reminds me of Harry Potter."Within hours every Belgian politician called Karel De Gucht a disgrace for Belgian diplomacy and insisted that he apologise for his behaviour.In the port of Antwerp both port authorities and the employers' federations stressed the fact that good relations with the Dutch are vital for the port.They were referring to the finalisation of the ongoing negotiations on a further deepening of the river Scheldt, the maritime aorta of the port of Antwerp.The river Scheldt has played an important role in the (young) history of Belgium and its relationship with the Netherlands, especially since the Belgian revolution in 1830 officially ended the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.The Dutch King Willem was not at all pleased with the Belgian independence.According to him the Belgian independence would bring an end to the fruitful economic interaction between the mercantile north (the Netherlands) with its strong colonial links and the more industrial south (Belgium).1 Until 1839 King Willem tried by both military (e.g. the siege of Antwerp in August 1831) and diplomatic means to make the independence undone.In that year the Treaty of the 24 Articles or the Separation Treaty brought a definitive end to those ambitions but King Willem derived some satisfaction.The Separation Treaty of 1839 declared that Belgium had
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".