Cycle of Sea Ice Dynamics in the Earth System working group
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sea ice is a critical component of the climate system (Fig. 1), influencing heat and gas exchange between the atmosphere and polar oceans.Given the high albedo of sea ice relative to that of open water, seasonal variability in sea-ice extent impacts reflectivity of the Earth's surface.Changes in the Antarctic sea-ice seasonal cycle also affect Southern Ocean water mass buoyancy, thereby modulating Southern Ocean upper and lower overturning cells and global ocean circulation.Through its interactions with the glacial ice margin, sea ice affects, and is affected by, ice sheets and ice shelves.Finally, sea-ice decay impacts ocean primary productivity through its roles in seeding phytoplankton and driving upperocean stratification and nutrient distribution (e.g.Armand et al. 2017).At present, average Antarctic sea-ice extent ranges between summer minima of ~3 million km 2 to winter maxima of ~18 million km 2 (Cavalieri and Parkinson 2008).Changes in sea-ice extent over longer time periods have been studied since the late 1970s.Communitybased research efforts have focused on understanding different sea-ice proxies (e.g. the PAGES Sea Ice Proxies working group: pastglobalchanges.org/science/wg/former/sea-ice-proxies), and on reconstructing Antarctic sea-ice extent for specific time periods, such as
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".