GPR Monitoring of a DNAPL Release in a Natural Groundwater Flow Field
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On April 8, 1999, 50 litres of a dense non-aqueous phase liquid were released into a natural groundwater flow field at Canadian Force Base Borden. It was expected that this contaminant would migrate downward forming a series of immiscible phase pools. Further, it was anticipated that the mass of these pools would be reduced over time by dissolution and advection of the dissolved phase of chlorinated solvent due to the groundwater flow field. Ground penetration radar profiling with 200 MHz antennas was conducted before and after the release until the Fall 2004 to detect the location of the immiscible solvent pools and monitor their evolution with time. Changes in reflectivity were used to infer the presence and evolution of the contaminant pools. These changes were determined from signal amplitude and complex trace attribute variations between the background and post-release profiles. While results of these two techniques differ in some details, they provided overall mutually consistent information about the state of the pools. Early data clearly shows the development of two laterally extensive pools at different depths. These pools subsequently reduced in both size and reflectivity and almost completely disappeared by the end of the GPR monitoring period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".