Lichen refugia within sub-boreal spruce forests: The role of riparian alder swales.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wetland swales, corridors of willows and alders adjacent to streams and seepage areas, may play a role as refugia for lichen biodiversity because likely escape stand replacement disturbance such as fire more often than adjacent upland forest, especially moist to drier sub-boreal and boreal landscapes, and are also not disturbed by forest harvesting. Macrolichen communities in 75 alder-dominated wetland swales along an east (wet) to west (dry) gradient in the Sub-Boreal Spruce biogeoclimatic zone of central interior British Columbia were examined. Spatial analysis of wetland swales indicated an average size of 20.5 m wide by 854 m long (following patch contours). A total of 43 macrolichen species (and six other macrolichen genera) were found in the alder dominated sites, with a maximum of 30 taxa present in the richest site. The macrolichen diversity of alder swales included the old-growth associated lichens Lobaria scrobiculata, L. retigera, Nephroma isidiosum, and Sticta limbata. Canonical Correspondence Analysis identified mean annual temperature and abundance of large stems (dbh > 10 cm) as significant explanatory variables for chlorolichens and mean annual precipitation and age of adjacent conifer forest as significant explanatory variables for the majority of the cyanolichens. Regional precipitation gradients explained the exclusion of many lichen species from both the most westerly and most easterly swales, with drier summer conditions and heavy winter snowpack, respectively, being major limiting factors. Within sites, lichens preferentially occupied large leaning stems, which provided greater precipitation interception and long-lived substrates for many old-growth associated lichen species. Physiological analyses of six common cyanolichens indicated low contributions of cyanolichens to the nitrogen budgets of alder swales. However, adaptations and niches of each of the cyanolichens were revealed. Nephroma parile was the best adapted to the widest range of conditions, followed by Lobaria pulmonaria. Pseud
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".