Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix Secreting Ectopic Serum Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An elevated serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) level in a female patient usually demonstrates the presence of a pregnancy or to a lesser extent, gestational trophoblastic disease or ovarian germ cell tumours. We report a case of metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) presenting with an elevated serum beta-hCG. A 44-year-old Vietnamese lady, para 3, with a past surgical history of a Cesarean section and tubal ligation, was first diagnosed with stage 3B cervical SCC in November 2016 and underwent chemoradiation. She completed her treatment uneventfully and remained disease-free. She then presented to the emergency department in January 2018 complaining of right lower back and abdominal pain for 2 weeks. Her urine pregnancy test was positive and her serum beta-hCG was done which showed an elevated level of 593 IU/mL. Further investigations showed no intra or extra-uterine pregnancy and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen and pelvis revealed no pelvic recurrence but presence of a large liver mass and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of the mass confirmed recurrent metastatic cervical SCC. She was not a suitable candidate for surgery and was counseled for palliative chemotherapy. beta-hCG trending revealed a downward trend after commencing on palliative chemotherapy. Ectopic secretion of beta-hCG from tumour cells is a consideration in a patient who has detectable serum beta-hCG but no clinical evidence of pregnancy. Although rare, metastatic or recurrent cervical SCC can secrete serum beta-hCG and case reports have shown presence of serum beta-hCG even in non-gynecological tumours. Larger studies are required to investigate the full potential of serum or urinary beta-hCG in the role of prognosticating SCC of the cervix. J Med Cases. 2018;9(8):252-254 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3103w
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".