Responses to canopy openings in architectural development of saplings in eight deciduous broad-leaved tree species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Crown-architectural responses to small canopy openings, in relation to relative height growth rate (RHGR), were examined in saplings (0.52.3 m tall) of eight deciduous broad-leaved tree species in northern Japan. Five species were lateral-growth type with high leaf-support cost (branch mass per leaf area) to display many small leaves over a wide area, while three species were vertical-growth type with low leaf-support cost due to a small number of large leaves along a main trunk. In closed-canopy conditions, the lateral-growth species showed a greater increase in leaf area with increasing sapling size than the vertical-growth species. Net production rate (NP) per leaf area was not clearly different between the two groups. As a result, NP per sapling also increased to a greater extent with increasing sapling size for the lateral-growth species. The NP per leaf area was increased in canopy openings for the two groups, but this increase was not clearly distinguished between the two groups. The vertical-growth species supported greater leaf area per sapling in canopy openings because of the low cost of leaf support, which resulted in a greater increase in NP per sapling compared with the lateral-growth species. The lateral-growth species allocated more to trunk in canopy openings, keeping leaf area constant and decreasing the cost of leaf support. The RHGR of the vertical-growth species tended to be greater than that of the lateral-growth species in closed-canopy conditions. RHGR of all species was increased in canopy openings to a similar degree in both groups. Multiple regression analysis showed that RHGR of the lateral-growth species depended on both NP per sapling and allocation to trunk, while that of the vertical-growth species depended strongly on NP per sapling alone. Thus, saplings of each group responded to canopy openings in contrasting ways to increase RHGR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".