The Lifetime Migratory History of Anadromous Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis): Insights and Risks from Pesticide-Induced Fish Kills
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Brook trout populations in Prince Edward Island, Canada, have experienced over 50 pesticide-related fish kills since the 1960s. Life history evaluation of large sea-run brook trout recovered following two fish kill events was compared with a reference river using strontium:calcium otolith microchemistry. This study examined the dual hypotheses that anadromous brook trout are more likely to arise from sea-run mothers, and that freshwater entry timing makes them vulnerable to pesticide-induced fish kills. A total 89% of the fish exhibited an anadromous life history, and 77% of these were offspring of anadromous mothers, suggesting that anadromy is dominant in progeny of sea-run mothers. This study adds to our understanding of the maternal inheritance of anadromy in sea-run brook trout populations. Additionally, freshwater entry precedes the majority of fish kill events, illustrating that the overlap between migration and pesticide runoff contributes to the cumulative population risks to sea-run brook trout.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".