<i>In situ</i> imaging of temperature-dependent fast and reversible nanoscale domain switching in a single-crystal perovskite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites exhibit a rich crystal structure, with multiple phases as well as ferroelastic domains, which is crucial for the optical and electrical properties. The average crystal phase-transition temperatures can be shifted by size, strain, or defects, but it is not clear whether such differences can also appear locally within a single crystal. The experimental study of domain dynamics within nanocrystals is challenging and requires a method capable of probing crystal lattice variations with both high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we show that in situ full-field diffraction x-ray microscopy can be used to image domains in a single crystal ${\mathrm{CsPbBr}}_{3}$ nanoplatelet as the temperature traverses the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase transition, at 150 nm spatial resolution and 6 s time resolution. The images reveal sudden domain pattern changes faster than the temporal resolution. Surprisingly, we observe substantial local variations during heating, with domain changes occurring at different temperatures within the single crystal. The nanoplatelet exhibits a high-temperature domain pattern completely different from the low-temperature one, but both patterns are reproducible, and we reversibly switch between them in multiple cycles. These results demonstrate that single ${\mathrm{CsPbBr}}_{3}$ crystals can exhibit substantial local variation of their basic crystal properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".