UNC93B1 attenuates the cGAS–STING signaling pathway by targeting STING for autophagy–lysosome degradation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a pivotal innate immune adaptor, and its functions during DNA virus infections have been extensively documented. However, its homeostatic regulation is not well understood. Our study demonstrates that Unc‐93 homolog B1 (UNC93B1) is a crucial checker for STING to prevent hyperactivation. Ectopic expression of UNC93B1 attenuates IFN‐β promoter activity and the transcriptions of IFN‐β, ISG54, and ISG56 genes. Moreover, UNC93B1 also blocks the IRF3 nuclear translocation induced by ectopic expression of both cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) and STING and reduces the stability of STING by facilitating its autophagy–lysosome degradation, which can be reversed by lysosome inhibitors. Mechanistically, UNC93B1 interacts with STING and suppresses STING‐activated downstream signaling by delivering STING to the lysosomes for degradation, depending on its trafficking capability. UNC93B1 knockout in human embryonic kidney 293T cells facilitates IFN‐β promoter activity, IFN‐β, ISG54, and ISG56 transcriptions, and IRF3 nuclear translocation induced by ectopic expression of cGAS and STING. Infected with herpes simplex virus‐1 (HSV‐1), UNC93B1 knockdown BJ cells or primary peritoneal macrophages from Unc93b1‐deficient (Unc93b1−/−) mice show enhanced IFN‐β, ISG54, and ISG56 transcriptions, TBK1 phosphorylation, and reduced STING degradation and viral replication. In addition, Unc93b1−/− mice exhibit higher IFN‐β, ISG54, and ISG56 transcriptions and lower mortality upon HSV‐1 infection in vivo. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that UNC93B1 attenuates the cGAS–STING signaling pathway by targeting STING for autophagy–lysosome degradation and provide novel insights into the function of UNC93B1 in antiviral innate immunity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".