Periodic Limb Movements while Awake (<scp><i>PLMA</i></scp>) as a Manifestation of <scp>Wearing‐Off</scp> in Parkinson's Disease: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Periodic limb movements while awake (PLMA) are similar to Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) but occurring during wakefulness and seen in association with restless leg syndrome (RLS). Objectives: To describe PLMA as a wearing-off phenomenon in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Methods: We describe four individuals with PD and PLMS, who had associated similar periodic and stereotypic lower extremity movements during wakefulness, thought to be secondary to PLMA, and were highly responsive to dopaminergic treatment. Results: Despite the prevalence of RLS and PLMS in individuals with PD, the presence of similar movements during wakefulness has not been well characterized. The lack of a specific diagnostic criteria poses a significant diagnostic challenge. Conclusions: We describe, for the first time to our knowledge, PLMA as a wearing-off phenomenon in PD. This entity could be classified in the spectrum of "low-dose dyskinesia," as we found that it was highly responsive to dopaminergic treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".