To Whom Does Destination Anthropomorphism Appeal? Power and Perceived Control
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anthropomorphism refers to the assignment of human-like traits and characteristics to non-human objects. In the tourism sector, destinations can be anthropomorphized. In this investigation, we explore potential travelers’ power as a factor that predicts to whom destination anthropomorphism appeals. Because anthropomorphism facilitates individuals’ perceived control, which individuals low on power lack but want to regain, we hypothesize in the current research that destination anthropomorphism would appeal more to travelers low (vs. high) on power. The higher perceived control manifests in travel behavior in the form of fewer perceived risks while traveling. We observe that powerless (vs. powerful) participants perceive greater control (Experiment 2) and fewer risks while traveling (Experiment 3) when the destination is anthropomorphized, explaining their higher travel intentions (Experiments 1–3). Our results suggest that whether or not to use anthropomorphism in destination advertising needs to consider potential travelers’ power.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".