Mechanisms of dermal bone repair after predatory attack in the giant stem‐group teleost<i>Leedsichthys problematicus</i>Woodward, 1889a (Pachycormiformes)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Leedsichthys problematicus is a suspension-feeding member of the Mesozoic clade Pachycormiformes (stem-group Teleostei), and the largest known ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii). As in some larger fish, the skeleton is poorly ossified, but the caudal fin (tail) is well-preserved. Bony calluses have been found here, on the dermal fin rays, and when sectioned, show evidence of bone repair in response to damage. As part of this repair, distinctive tissue changes are observed, including the deposition of woven bone onto broken bone fragments and the surface of the lepidotrichium, after resorption of the edges of these fragments and the lepidotrichial surface itself. Within the woven bone are many clear elongate spaces, consistent with their interpretation as bundles of unmineralized collagen (Sharpey's fibres). These normally provide attachment within dermal bones, and here attach new bone to old, particularly to resorbed surfaces, identified by scalloped reversal lines. Haversian systems are retained in the old bone, from which vasculature initially invaded the callus, hence bringing stem cells committed to forming bone onto the surfaces of the damaged area. These observations provide strong evidence of a vital response through survival of a predatory attack by a large marine reptile, coeval with Leedsichthys in the Jurassic seas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".