Effects of Slope Angle on Toppling Deformation of Anti-Dip Layered Rock Slopes: A Centrifuge Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To reveal the impact of slope angle change on toppling deformation, this paper takes the dam toppling deformation of Gushui Hydropower Station based at Lancang River as an example, based on which three groups of models with different slope angles are conceptualized and designed. Through the centrifuge test, the evolution of toppling deformation of a counter-tilt layered slope under different slope angles was simulated. The research results show that: (1) The steeper the slope angle, the shorter the cumulative time required for such deformation is, the larger the toppling deformation will be, and it is more likely that multi-stage fracture zones will occur during the toppling process. (2) The toppling deformation process can be summarized as four stages. (3) The toppling deformation mainly occurs above the datum surface of the toppling fracture; the angle between the datum surface and the normal of the layer is between 12° to 16°. This value shall not change as the slope angle changes. (4) The lesser the slope angle is, the more likely the toppling deformed slope will be experience overall slipping instability. while the steeper the slope angle is, the greater the possibility of collapse after the rock mass falls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".