Dynamics of a stochastic phytoplankton–toxic phytoplankton–zooplankton system under regime switching
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a stochastic phytoplankton–toxic phytoplankton–zooplankton system with Beddington–DeAngelis functional response, where both the white noise and regime switching are taken into account, is studied analytically and numerically. The aim of this research is to study the combined effects of the white noise, regime switching, and toxin‐producing phytoplankton (TPP) on the dynamics of the system. Firstly, the existence and uniqueness of global positive solution of the system is investigated. Then some sufficient conditions for the extinction, persistence in the mean, and the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution of the system are derived. Significantly, some numerical simulations are carried to verify our analytical results and show that high intensity of white noise is harmful to the survival of plankton populations, but regime switching can balance the different survival states of plankton populations and decrease the risk of extinction. Additionally, it is found that an increase in the toxin liberation rate produced by TPP will increase the survival chance of phytoplankton, while it will reduce the biomass of zooplankton. All these results may provide some insightful understanding on the dynamics of phytoplankton–zooplankton systems in randomly disturbed aquatic environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".