An Enzyme‐Like Activity Nanoprobe Based on Fe(III)–Rutin Hydrate Biomineral for MR Imaging and Therapy of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The diagnosis and treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still a grand challenge, because there is rare target to be manipulated. Here, an integrated functional nanoprobe is developed for precise diagnosis and treatment of TNBC, based on biominerals of Fe 3+ and rutin hydrate (RH), a type of natural flavonoid. Owing to the adjacent phenol hydroxyl groups of RH, Fe 3+ can biomineralize with RH to form nanoprobe colloidally stabilized by coating of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). In the nanoprobe, the flavonol central scaffold as well as the glucoside and rhamnose groups can interact specifically with glucose transporters. Once taken by tumor cells, protonation of phenol hydroxyl groups in the weakly acidic lysosomes would lead to release of Fe 3+ , inducing tumor cell death through a ferroptosis/apoptosis hybrid pathway. Meanwhile, the remaining Fe(III)–RH complex can serve as a photothermal therapy (PTT) agent upon near infrared laser irradiation. Additionally, the Fe(III)–RH/PVP nanoprobe is expected to be eliminated through renal clearance if the nanoprobe formed in the presence of PVP have an appropriately small hydrated diameter. The present work provides a novel design integrated with magnetic resonance imaging capacity, therapeutic functions of Fe 3+ , and the PTT effect of nanoprobe for TNBC with anticipated biosafety.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".