Pesticides and gas production by baker's yeast in bread dough
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Pesticide residues might delay food fermentation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of thirty‐one commercial pesticides (fourteen fungicides; eleven herbicides; one growth regulator; five insecticides) on the fermentative activity of baker's yeast in bread dough and sugared water. Yeast gas production after 3 h at 38 °C in dough or water was slightly inhibited by 10 mg kg −1 of a herbicide containing glufosinate‐ammonium and 100 mg kg −1 of fungicides with tebuconazole or metconazole. At the highest level assayed, 1000 mg kg −1 , more than one‐third of the thirty‐one pesticides assayed did not impair baker's yeast gas production. Yeast cells were not inhibited by 300 mg active ingredients kg −1 in a mix of the pesticides, a concentration unlikely to be present in dough considering existing application rates in the field. Dough protected baker's yeast from pesticide residues. In sugared water, sub‐inhibitory concentrations of pesticides stimulated yeast fermentative activity. We conclude that it is unlikely that pesticide residues would impair baker's yeast gas production during bread dough fermentation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".