Myokine Response to Blood-Flow Restricted Resistance Exercise in Younger and Older Males in an Untrained and Resistance-Trained State: A Pilot Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the response of myokines to blood-flow restricted resistance-exercise (BFR-RE) in younger and older males before and after completing a 12-week resistance-training program. Methods There were 8 younger (24.8 ± 3.9 yrs) and 7 older (68.3 ± 5.0 yrs) untrained male participants completed this study. Anthropometric and maximal strength (1RM) measurements were collected before and after a 12-week, supervised, progressive full-body resistance-training program. As well, an acute bout of full-body BFR-RE was performed with venipuncture blood samples collected before and immediately following the BFR-RE, followed by sampling at 3, 6, 24 and 48 h. Results The 12-week training program stimulated a 32.2% increase in average strength and 30% increase in strength per kg of fat free mass. The response of particular myokines to the acute bout of BFR-RE was influenced training status (IL-4, untrained = 78.1 ± 133.2 pg/mL vs. trained = 59.8 ± 121.6 pg/mL, P = 0.019; IL-7, untrained = 3.46 ± 1.8 pg/mL vs. trained = 2.66 ± 1.3 pg/mL, P = 0.047) or both training and age (irisin, P = 0.04; leukemia inhibitory factor, P < 0.001). As well, changes in strength per kg of fat free mass were correlated with area under the curve for IL-4 ( r = 0.537; P = 0.039), IL-6 ( r = 0. 525; P = 0.044) and LIF ( r = − 0.548; P = 0.035) in the untrained condition. Conclusion This study identified that both age and training status influence the myokine response to an acute bout of BFR-RE with the release of IL-4, IL-6 and LIF in the untrained state being associated with changes in strength per kg of fat free mass.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".