Nonconformal Particles of Hyperbranched Sulfonated Phenylated Poly(phenylene) Ionomers as Proton-Conducting Pathways in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Characteristic poor electrochemical kinetics, high ionic resistance, and high mass transport resistance within the catalyst layer (CL) are chief among parameters that cause poor performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) utilizing hydrocarbon-based proton-conducting ionomers. Herein, the design and addition of nondimensionally swellable, nonconformal, hyperbranched sulfo-phenylated poly(phenylene) ionomer particles (HB-sPPT-H+) are reported to introduce a direct pathway for proton conduction in hydrocarbon ionomer-based CLs, resulting in an eight times reduction in ionic resistance of the CL, a 71% increase in catalyst mass activity, and a >90% increase in power at 0.6 V (H2/air) compared to state-of-the-art hydrocarbon ionomer-based CLs. The benefits of incorporating HB-sPPT-H+ ionomer particles are also shown when employed in perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer-based PEMFCs. These results dispel a commonly held conception that hydrocarbon ionomers possess limitations of gas permeability and electrochemical activity and open up previously unexplored avenues of ionomer development for nonfluorous, wholly hydrocarbon PEMFCs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it