Disruption of integrin alpha-5/beta-1-dependent transforming growth factor beta-1 signaling pathway attenuates vessel co-option in colorectal cancer liver metastases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) have two major histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) including angiogenic desmoplastic HGP (DHGP) and non-angiogenic replacement HGP (RHGP). The RHGP lesions obtain their blood supply through vessel co-option, where the cancer cells hijack the pre-existing blood vessels of the surrounding liver tissue. Consequently, anti-angiogenic therapies are less efficacious in CRCLM patients with RHGP lesions. Recently, we identified a positive correlation between the expression of Angiopoietin1 (Ang1) and the development of vessel co-opted CRCLM lesions in vivo. However, the mechanisms underlying Ang1 upregulation in vessel co-opting CRCLM lesions are unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) modulates the expression of Ang1 in hepatocytes in vitro. Significantly, pharmaceutical inhibition of integrin alpha-5/beta-1 (ITGα5β1) through ATN-161 impaired TGFβ1-dependent Ang1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, blocking ITGα5β1 attenuated the formation of vessel co-opting lesions. Furthermore, treatment with ATN-161 significantly improved survival in tumour-bearing mice. Taken together, our results suggest the molecular mechanism of Ang1 upregulation in vessel co-opting CRCLM and targeting this pathway may serve as promising therapeutic strategy to overcome the development of vessel co-option in CRCLM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".