Importance of the Precautionary Principle With Regard to the Risk of Exposure to Aerosols Containing Viral Loads of SARS-CoV-2 Present in Feces: In Perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In COVID-19 infection, the emissions of droplets and aerosols produced by the respiratory tract of contaminated subjects may represent a high risk of spreading the SARS-COV-2 virus in the environment. Thus, studies have shown that there is, at least, another source of droplets and aerosols in which viral particles of SARS-COV-2 can be found. It happens after flushing of toilet to dispose of the stools of a patient who has contracted COVID-19. The presence of viral particles of SARS-COV-2 in the stool could be linked to the concentration of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) found on the surface of intestinal cells. Therefore, there is a reason to wonder whether the emission of viral particles by activating a toilet flush could represent an important potential risk of contamination for health care workers. To investigate this hypothesis, we have correlated different studies on the production of droplets and aerosols as well as the presence of viral particles following flush of toilet. This pooling of these studies led to the following conclusion: the precautionary principle should be applied with regard to the potential risk represented by viral particles of SARV-COV-2 in the stool when flushing the toilet.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".