Silver shiner, <i>Notropis photogenis</i>, fecundity and parasite infections during the reproductive period
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The reproductive period is a critical part of a species’ life history. Estimating species-specific fecundity can improve demographic models aimed at developing recovery targets for imperilled species. We provide egg diameter and fecundity estimates and develop a length–fecundity relationship for silver shiner, Notropis photogenis (Cope, 1865), a small-bodied freshwater species listed as Threatened under Canada's Species at Risk Act. Furthermore, we document the incidence of an acanthocephalan parasite, the thorny-headed worm, Leptorhynchoides thecatus (Linton, 1891), in the gastrointestinal tract of silver shiner, which is the first published record of the parasite in this species. Silver shiner egg diameters (mean ± standard deviation) were 0.61 ± 0.15 mm and ranged from 0.13 to 0.92 mm. Fecundity ranged from 311 to 2768 eggs and was significantly higher in age 2–3+ fish (1475 ± 570 eggs) compared with age 1+ fish (576 ± 270 eggs). We highlight that parasite infection negatively impacted the body condition of individuals and that additional work is needed to determine the impact of parasite infestation on reproductive output, recruitment, susceptibility to predation, and survival of silver shiner in Canada. The fecundity and egg diameter estimates for Canadian silver shiner provided here can be incorporated into future populations modelling for this threatened species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".