Tilt grain boundary energy in 〈0001〉/<i>φ</i> bicrystals of pure ice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presents measurements of the relative energy ( γgb/ γs) of the tilt grain boundary (GB) in pure ice bicrystals with crystalline misorientation 〈0001〉/ φ. The GBs had different inclinations and were annealed at −5 °C and −18 °C. A GB structure model called the facet model (FM) was applied. The FM assumes that the GB is composed of facets. The facets are oriented with the principal faces of the cell primitive of the coincident site lattice (CSL). The CSL is associated with the bicrystalline misorientation. In general, ( γgb/ γs) varies by more than one order of magnitude between temperatures −5 °C ( γgb/ γs ~ 0.03) and −18 °C ( γgb/ γs ~ 0.35), so GB structural changes are very noticeable with temperature. The GB energy does not depend on the inclination at temperatures near 0 °C, while the dependence on inclination presents a slight significance at −18 °C. Finally, it was observed that the GB relative energy ( γgb/ γs) for bicrystalline 〈0001〉/ φ samples is lower than the relative energy at other crystalline misorientations. These experimental data are unique and could explain the slow GB migration in 〈0001〉/ φ bicrystals and they could help to understand grain growth in polar ice where the most frequent crystalline misorientation is 〈0001〉/ φ.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".