Variation in behaviour of native prey mediates the impact of an invasive species on plankton communities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Population-level differences in predator trait expression influence predator impacts on prey species, altering ecological interactions and trophic dynamics. However, the effect of inter-population differences in prey traits on the impacts of predation on ecological communities remains poorly understood, especially for introduced predators where differences in prey traits could influence the outcome of biological invasions. We examined if differences in Daphnia vertical position influenced the impacts of the invasive predator Bythotrephes cederströmii on major zooplankton and algal groups. Our results show differences in Daphnia vertical position influenced Bythotrephes impacts on small cladocerans. Larger reductions in density were observed in mesocosms with greater proportion of hypolimnetic Daphnia . Larger increases in algal biomass were also observed in invaded mesocosms with greater proportion of hypolimnetic Daphnia . These results suggest that differences in Daphnia vertical position influence the magnitude and type of Bythotrephes impacts on zooplankton communities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".