Assessment of native cadmium-tolerant bacteria in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) - cultivated soils in Cundinamarca-Colombia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Traces of cadmium (Cd) have been reported in chocolate products due to growing cacao plants in soils with Cd and the ability of cacao plants to accumulate it. A strategy to minimize this uptake of Cd is by using cadmium-tolerant bacteria (CdtB) to sequester the Cd. This study was aimed to isolate and characterize CdtB associated with cacao-cultivated soils in Cundinamarca-Colombia. Thirty CdtB morphotypes were isolated and almost half of them showed the capacity to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphates and degrade cellulose. Besides, all strains were selected for analysis of 16S rRNA sequence. The soil with the highest natural concentration of Cd (location Y3) showed higher abundance, unique morphotypes, and dominance of isolated CdtB. Pseudomona putida GB78, Pseundomona aeruginosa NB2, and Burkholderia sp. NB10 were the only morphotypes that grew on 18 up to 90 (GB78) and 140 mg Kg− 1 Cd (NB2-NB10). GB78 showed the highest Cd bioaccumulation (5.92 mg g− 1). Our results expand the knowledge about culturable CdtB in cacao-cultivated soils with the potential to develop soil management strategies to mitigate the uptake of Cd by cacao plants, thereby preventing the potential impact on human health, food safety, and the cacao economy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".