Cemented Paste Backfill Hydraulic Conductivity Evolution from 30 Minutes to 1 Week
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The first one to four days constitutes a critical period in filling mining voids with cemented paste backfill (CPB, a mixture of mine tailings, binder, and water) and determining the saturated hydraulic conductivity (ksat) during this period is important to rational engineering design. However, most published studies started testing 24 h after specimen preparation, and those that started earlier did so by preconsolidating the specimens, which results in void ratios lower than those occurring in the field. This study uses a new test method that retains the backfill’s representative bulk properties and starts testing about one-half hour after specimen preparation. During backfilling, CPB undergoes three distinct ksat stages: a relatively constant high-value ksat stage associated with the portland cement’s (PC’s) dissolution phase; a rapidly declining ksat stage associated with PC’s acceleration phase; and then a slowly declining ksat stage associated with PC’s steady-stage and subsequent deceleration phase. The last two stages can be represented by modified Kozeny-Carman equations, in which the hydration effects are constant but different in each stage, and the ksat changes can be related to void ratio changes in each stage. In contrast, the distinct stages are not adequately represented by traditional PC “maturity” models, and, more importantly, the ksat values determined here are at least an order of magnitude higher than previously published results on similar materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".