SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF INTRA-ARTICULAR STEROID INJECTIONS IN OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE – A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the safety and efficacy of intra-articular steroid injections in osteoarthritis of knee. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted for a period of 12 months in a tertiary care hospital. Patients were given intra-articular injections of triamcinolone hexacetonide 40 mg (1 cc) in the affected knee at the time of enrollment and thereafter at 6 and 12 weeks. The treatment response was evaluated based on the improvement in the various clinical scoring systems. Comparison of quantitative variables of successive follow-up with baseline value was analyzed. p < 0.05 was taken as level of significance. Results: Of the 106 patients included in the study, the mean age was 64.12±8.69 years. The mean 50 foot walking time improved from 13.85 s to 12.64 s (p=0.003) by 24 weeks. Range of motion improved from a mean of 126.75–131.63° (p=0.001). The physician’s global assessment score improved from a baseline mean of 54.42–46.39 while the patient’s global assessment score progressed from 57.8 to 46.38 both being statistically significant. Patient’s pain assessment score reduced from baseline mean value of 57.32–45.95 and nocturnal pain improved to 30.24 at 24 weeks from a baseline value of 36.51. The mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score improved to 45.93 from baseline of 56.92. Conclusion: Repetitive IA steroid injections appear to be safe with no significant deleterious effects on the anatomical joint structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".