Bribery Practices of Three MNCs in the Host Countries: An Examination of the Issue from HRM Perspective
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter examines three bribery cases of three different Multinational Corporations in three different countries from human resource management (HRM) perspective. The first case is about the bribery of Halliburton Energy Services of the USA in Nigeria, the second one is about the bribery of Scancem International ANS of Norway in Ghana and the third one is about the bribery of Niko Resources Ltd. of Canada in Bangladesh. The MNCs were involved in the bribery through their subsidiaries in the host countries. The top management of the MNCs and subsidiaries were involved in the bribery case. The cases show that the bribes were paid for protecting the interests of the subsidiaries in the host countries. The bribes were paid through some intermediaries and disguised in some ways. In examining the cases from HRM perspective, I looked at the relevant facts about the country and its government, the relevant facts about the MNCs and involved personnel(s), the relevant information about the case, the enablers of unethical behaviour and the HR lacunae in the case.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it