Barriers and Facilitators Related to Delivery of Hospital Pharmacy Services to Women, Children, and Their Families during a Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: When the COVID-19 pandemic was declared in March 2020, health care professionals were challenged to adapt quickly and efficiently to change their work practices. However, an evidence-informed approach has not yet been used to systematically gather data on barriers and facilitators related to delivery of hospital pharmacy services in Canada. Objectives: The primary objective was to identify and describe barriers and facilitators related to the delivery of hospital pharmacy services to women, children, and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary objective was to provide recommendations for improvement in delivery of pharmacy services to enhance patient care during pandemics. Methods: This qualitative study involved semistructured virtual interviews with pharmacists who worked in direct or nondirect patient care throughout the pandemic (since March 2020) at women’s and/or children’s hospitals in Canada. Individual interviews were completed virtually using conferencing software. An interview guide mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework version 2 (TDFV2) was used to facilitate the interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim by the principal investigator. Transcribed interviews were coded, mapped to the TDFV2, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Interviews were completed with 21 pharmacists in 7 provinces across Canada. Barriers and facilitators coded to the TDFV2 were grouped into 4 main themes: communication and collaboration, adaptability, health and well-being, and preparedness. Conclusions: Participants highlighted a significant number of barriers that they experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic; overall, however, participants reported that they felt prepared for subsequent waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics RÉSUMÉ Contexte : Lors de la déclaration de la pandémie de COVID-19 en mars 2020, les professionnels de la santé ont été mis au défi de s’adapter rapidement et efficacement à la situation en changeant leurs pratiques professionnelles. Cependant, une approche fondée sur des données probantes pour recueillir systématiquement des données sur les obstacles à la prestation des services de pharmacie hospitalière au Canada et les éléments facilitant celle-ci n’a pas encore été utilisée de manière systématique. Objectifs : L’objectif principal consistait à identifier et à décrire les obstacles à la prestation de services de pharmacie hospitalière aux femmes, aux enfants et à leur famille et les éléments facilitant celle-ci pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. L’objectif secondaire consistait, quant à lui, à fournir des recommandations pour améliorer la prestation de services de pharmacie afin d’améliorer les soins aux patients pendant une pandémie. Méthodes : Cette étude qualitative comprenait des entrevues virtuelles semi-structurées avec des pharmaciens ayant travaillé dans le domaine des soins directs ou non directs aux patients tout au long de la pandémie (depuis mars 2020) dans des hôpitaux pour femmes et/ou enfants au Canada. Les entretiens individuels ont été réalisés virtuellement à l’aide d’un logiciel de conférence. Un guide d’entretien adapté de la 2e version du cadre des domaines théoriques (TDFV2) [Theoretical Domains Framework] a été utilisé pour faciliter les entretiens. Ceux-ci ont été enregistrés sur bande audio et retranscrits textuellement par le chercheur principal. Les entretiens ainsi retranscrits ont été codés, reportés sur le TDFV2 et analysés par thème. Résultats : Des entrevues ont été réalisées auprès de 21 pharmaciens dans 7 provinces du Canada. Les obstacles et les éléments facilitateurs codés selon le TDFV2 ont été regroupés en 4 grands thèmes : communication et collaboration; adaptabilité; santé et bien-être; et état de préparation. Conclusions : Les participants ont mentionné un nombre important d’obstacles qu’ils ont rencontrés pendant la pandémie de COVID-19; dans l’ensemble, cependant, les participants ont déclaré qu’ils se sentaient préparés aux vagues ultérieures de la pandémie de COVID-19 et aux futures pandémies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".