Silver Microparticle-Enhanced Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Enhanced emission was observed in the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) atomic emission spectra of bacterial cells deposited upon a nitrocellulose filtration medium in the presence of one-micron silver microparticles. A deposition chamber was constructed that allowed a uniform coating of the filter with trace amounts of silver microparticles. Masses from 10 to 100 μg were deposited in a circular area of 52.18 mm 2 . A 30 s deposition time was used for all experiments resulting in a mass deposition of 39 μg ± 17 μg. This mass coverage on the filter provided for a single laser shot silver mass ablation of 3.3 ng per laser shot. LIBS spectra were acquired with single-shot 1064 nm laser pulses from specimens of E. coli, M. smegmatis, and E. cloacae deposited on both microparticle-coated filters and blank filters. An increase in emission intensity for all elements detected in the bacterial LIBS spectrum as well as the carbon emission which derives in part from the nitrocellulose filter medium was observed due to the ablation with silver microparticles relative to the intensity measured from the ablation of bacterial cells deposited on a blank filter. The ratio of emission intensity with microparticles to emission intensity without microparticles was measured to be 3.6 for phosphorus, 4.5 for magnesium, 5.3 for calcium, 4.0 for sodium, and 1.2 for carbon. An enhancement in LIBS emission intensity in the range of 1–10 was observed for all the spectra, with an average enhancement ratio of 4.3.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".