Effect of Barley β-Glucan on Osteoblast Differentiation and Molecular Mechanism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fiber found in oats and barley is a polysaccharide β-glucan.Barley β-glucan (BBG) is reported to effectively attenuate the glycemic response and reduce post-prandial blood glucose levels.However, the function of BBG in osteogenic differentiation remains unclear.In this study we investigate that the effect of BBG on osteoblast differentiation in a pre-osteoblast cell line and mouse calvaria primary cells.RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that exposure to BBG increases the mRNA expressions and protein levels of distal-less homeobox 5 and runt-related transcription factor 2. Furthermore BBG also increases p38, Smad1/5/9 phosphorylation and mineralization.We confirmed the regenerative effect of BBG on caudal fin in zebrafish by applying Alizarin Red staining analysis.Taken together, these results indicate that BBG increases osteogenic differentiation via activation of p38 MAPK-mediated Smad1/5/9 in MC3T3-E1 cells and mouse calvaria primary cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".