Repeated‐sprint training in heat and hypoxia: Acute responses to manipulating exercise‐to‐rest ratio
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate acute performance and physiological responses to the manipulation of exercise‐to‐rest ratio (E:R) during repeated‐sprint hypoxic training (RSH) in hot conditions. Twelve male team‐sport players completed two experimental sessions at a simulated altitude of ∼3000 m (F I O 2 0.144), air temperature of 40°C and relative humidity of 50%. Exercise involved either 3 × 5 × 10‐s (E:R 1:2 ) or 3 × 10 × 5‐s (E:R 1:4 ) maximal cycling sprints interspersed with active recoveries at 120W (20‐s between sprints, 2.5 and 5‐min between sets for E:R 1:2 and E:R 1:4 respectively). Sessions were matched for overall sprint and total session duration (47.5‐min). Peak and mean power output, and total work were greater in E:R 1:4 than E:R 1:2 ( p < 0.05). Peak core temperature was significantly higher in E:R 1:4 than E:R 1:2 (38.44 ± 0.33 vs. 38.20 ± 0.35°C, p = 0.028). Muscle deoxygenation magnitude during sprints was greater in E:R 1:2 (28.2 ± 1.6 vs. 22.4 ± 4.6%, p < 0.001), while muscle reoxygenation did not differ between conditions ( p > 0.05). These results indicate E:R 1:4 increased mechanical power output and core temperature compared to E:R 1:2 . Both protocols had different effects on measures of muscle oxygenation, with E:R 1:2 generating greater muscle oxygen extraction and E:R 1:4 producing more muscle oxygenation flux, which are both important signals for peripheral adaptation. We conclude that the E:R manipulation during RSH in the heat might be used to target different physiological and performance outcomes, with these findings forming a strong base for future mechanistic investigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".