Host patch quality increases parasitoid locomotor activity despite risk of egg limitation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Theory predicts that egg load and foraging activity of insects should be positively related. Species that emerge with a low initial egg load and mature additional eggs as they age may limit initial foraging activity to avoid egg limitation. Similarly, females, which deplete their egg supply through oviposition, should decrease activity immediately afterwards and then increase activity as new eggs are matured. The authors used activity monitors to measure daily locomotor activity separately from exposure to host cues with the stink bug egg parasitoid, Trissolcus japonicus . The authors measured activity and egg load as newly emerged wasps aged and tested whether egg depletion from oviposition would reduce activity. Parasitoid activity increased with age in parallel with egg maturation, with both egg load and activity reaching their maximum about 6–7 days after emergence. Newly emerged wasps began activity later in the day and had lower activity intensity compared with older individuals. When given host experience, females that had laid many offspring, and had thus depleted their egg loads, unexpectedly increased their activity for up to 3 days. The present study results challenge the generally accepted positive relationship between foraging activity and egg load, suggesting that this relationship may be secondary to host patch quality. The authors provide evidence that host patch quality can influence not only within‐patch but also between‐patch foraging activity. Plastic responses in activity patterns may allow parasitoids to better exploit rich host environments while minimising foraging costs and decreasing likelihood of egg limitation in low‐quality environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".