Atmospheric Observations of Weather and Climate
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Current observation systems that provide data for the analysis and prediction of climate and day-to-day weather are described, along with plans for future systems. The basic principles of satellite, radar, lidar, and sodar measurements are summarized. Temperature and moisture measurements on planetary and synoptic scales, ranging from satellites, the radiosonde network, aircraft, and other sounding systems are described. Wind measurements from satellites, rawinsondes, air composition from satellites, the energy budget, and surface measurements are also discussed. The measuring systems for mesoscale and convective-scale weather are then noted, including satellite-borne radiation instrumentation, and lightning imaging sensors. Operational, fixed-site, and mobile and airborne research radars, surface instrumentation, and ground-based and in-situ profiling systems, aircraft-borne and shipborne instrumentation are also summarized. Special observation issues such as coordination among providers, data assimilation considerations, and data curation are then considered. Special issues for the future are noted in the last section.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it