Snow avalanches as the main geomorphic active process on hillslopes in Nunavik, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Nunavik, northern Quebec, Canada, ongoing climate change disturbs the nival regime. The study of deposits on talus underlines the predominance of snow avalanches as the main contributor to present-day slope development. In Tasiapik valley, close to the village of Umiujaq (56°32'35"N, 76°27'43"W), several automatic time-lapse cameras are operating year-round since 2017 along with VDTSILA weather station since 2012. The set of cameras enables monitoring target sections of the slope. The recorded snow avalanches correspond to slab and loose snow avalanches; many are triggered by the collapse of the ridgeline snow-cornices. The most active snow-avalanche season corresponds to late spring (June), when wet snow avalanches occurred after rain-on-snow events and rapid temperature rise, being then in contact with the regolith, therefore responsible of debris transfer downslope. However, the longest runout distance snow avalanches occur during the winter time, in April, after sudden temperatures changes or heavy snowfall. However, by comparing the snow-avalanche activity from other slopes (lake Wiyâshâkimî, 56°16'43"N, 74°27'48"O and Kangiqsualujjuaq, 58°41'33"N, 65°57'32"O) equipped with the same monitoring system, great variations appear in snowfall amount, snowdrift accumulation and triggering factors, sketching the role of continentality and latitude. In addition, in the vicinity of newly established villages due to the forced settlement of indigenous populations, snow avalanches represent a worrying hazard.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".