Effect of enzyme-modified yeast products on Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in different organs of laying hens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of yeast-derived products in the recovery of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) in White Leghorns. A total of thirty-two hens at 38 weeks of age were challenged both orally (OR) and intracloacally (IC) with nalidixic acid resistant SE (SENAR). Hens were individually housed in conventional wire laying cages and randomly allocated to four treatments (T) with eight hens per replicate: 1) No SENAR challenge (T1; basal diet), 2) SENAR challenge (T2; basal diet), 3) SENAR challenge: basal diet with a blend of Saccharomyces-Torula yeasts and yeast cell walls (T3; intact yeast), and 4) SENAR challenge: basal diet with enzymatically-modified yeast products blend (T4; enzyme-modified yeast). The excreta samples were 100% positive for SENAR at 3 days post-infection (dpi) in T2, T3, and T4. By 6 dpi, excreta samples were 87, 62 and 37% positive for T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Hens were euthanized at 7 dpi to harvest liver with gall bladder (L/GB), spleen, ovaries, and ceca. The recovery of SENAR in L/GB was 75, 25 and 37% in T2, T3, and T4 (P < 0.05), whereas that of the spleen was 62, 25 and 37% in T2, T3 and T4 (P < 0.05), respectively. Treatments 3 and 4 reduced SENAR counts (cfu/g) in the ceca from 4.3 log10 to 2.7 and 1.95 log10, respectively, compared to T2 (P < 0.05). The cecal count of SENAR was 1.6 log10 lower in T3 and 2.3 log10 lower in T4 compared to T2. Both yeast derived products reduced Salmonella in internal organs and the ceca of laying hens. Enzymatically-modified yeast (T4) was better than its intact counterpart (T3) in reducing Salmonella counts in the ceca.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".